铁矿石价格疯涨引关注 发改委12天内三次“打铁”******
本报记者 杜雨萌
1月18日,国家发改委发布消息称,国家发改委价格司、市场监管总局价监竞争局、证监会期货部组织部分铁矿石贸易企业和期货公司召开会议,分析铁矿石市场和价格形势,详细了解有关企业参与铁矿石现货和期货交易情况,提醒告诫有关企业依法合规经营,不得编造发布虚假信息,不得选择性引用数据和信息、故意渲染涨价氛围,不得捏造散布涨价信息,不得哄抬价格,不得过度投机炒作。
国家发改委、市场监管总局、证监会将持续密切跟踪市场动态,进一步研究采取措施,加大现货和期货市场监管力度,严厉打击过度投机炒作等违法违规行为,切实维护市场正常秩序。
《证券日报》记者梳理发现,为遏制铁矿石过度投机炒作,这已是开年以来国家发改委第三次针对铁矿石市场发声。
此前两次分别出自国家发改委1月6日和1月15日发布的两则消息。前者针对近期铁矿石价格过快上涨等情况,国家发改委价格司组织召开会议,研究加强铁矿石价格监管工作。后者是就个别铁矿石资讯企业转载不实旧闻,混淆视听等情况,国家发改委价格司第一时间约谈有关资讯企业,提醒告诫相关企业发布市场和价格信息前必须认真核实、做到准确无误,不得编造发布虚假信息,不得捏造散布涨价信息,不得哄抬价格。
监管部门三次“打铁”的背后,与铁矿石现货、期货价格的“疯狂”表现有很大关系。据兰格钢铁网监测数据显示,1月18日,兰格钢铁全国钢材综合价格为4419元/吨,较去年11月初低点上涨8.6%;同期,进口铁矿石中的日照港61.5%澳粉价格为845元/吨,较去年11月份低点上涨32%。
再从期货价格看,截至1月18日收盘,铁矿石期价主力合约收于841.5元/吨,上涨0.9%,较去年11月初599.5元/吨的低点价格已累计上涨约40.37%。
兰格钢铁研究中心主任王国清在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,近期,铁矿石价格上涨主要是受国内稳增长的强预期影响,从而拉动黑色系商品价格。另外,临近春节,钢企补库需求也在短期内出现较为集中的释放。不过,从目前的价格涨幅来看,铁矿石价格涨幅已远超钢价涨幅,将严重蚕食钢铁行业盈利空间。
在上海钢联黑色产业研究员张凯东看来,过去的两周,国家发改委相关司局连续召开会议,提示潜在的输入性通胀风险,并特别关注铁矿石价格快速上涨趋势,既为市场敲响警钟,也符合业内对市场春节后走势发展的预判,即春节前后黑色系商品继续保持高位震荡,而且节后随着需求复苏可能推动钢铁产量开始回升,进而带动一轮成本推动型的价格上涨。
张凯东认为,需要提示的是,2023年一季度钢铁行业的需求恢复还是建立在“强基建,弱地产”的需求格局之上。如果节后钢厂因为利润改善加大复产力度,一季度末的市场需求难以消化新增产量和累积库存,预计届时钢铁及原材料价格将面临下行调整风险。
若拉长维度对2023年全年铁矿石价格走势做判断的话,方正中期期货研究院分析师梁海宽预计,铁矿石全年价格走势或前高后低,年内高点有望出现在二季度。
从供应端来看,据兰格钢铁网跟踪数据显示,必和必拓、力拓2023年供应增量分别在300万吨、600万吨左右,FMG供应增量在500万吨左右,淡水河谷供应增量在1000万吨左右。综合来看,预计2023年全年四大矿山铁矿石供应增量在2500万吨左右,同比增加2%左右。此外,印度铁矿石出口关税的下调,也将增加全球及中国铁矿石资源供应;而国内加快“基石计划”的推进,国产铁精粉产量的提升也将增加铁矿石整体供应量。
在需求端,王国清认为,2023年中国钢铁产量释放仍将小幅下滑,同时,废钢回收体系的恢复也将使得废钢应用比例扩大,从而带动铁矿石需求继续回落。因此,在供需趋于宽松的背景下,预计2023年铁矿石价格水平将有一定程度下移。(证券日报)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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